Functional materials

The route towards perfection of multifunctional artificial CrB2/TiB2 superlattices; stoichiometry, structure, and layer definition

PhD: Samira Dorri, Linköpping University (2024)

This work established the fundamental growth principles needed to produce high-quality epitaxial CrB₂/TiB₂ diboride superlattices for neutron-optical applications. Through a systematic exploration of sputtering strategies—using compound targets, co-sputtering, ion-assisted growth, and lattice-matched substrates—the project demonstrated how layer composition, deposition conditions, and substrate choice govern structural quality, interface sharpness, and growth mode.

A wide range of complementary techniques, including X-ray diffraction, neutron reflectivity, ToF-ERDA, STEM, and nanoindentation, were employed to map the structural and chemical evolution of the superlattices. The studies showed that a layer-thickness ratio around 0.3 consistently yielded the highest structural quality, and that stoichiometry control in TiBy layers was crucial to avoid B-rich boundary formation. The introduction of ion-assisted epitaxy and the use of a lattice-matched 4H-SiC substrate further enabled single-crystal-quality superlattices with exceptionally sharp interfaces.

Altogether, the project paved the way for using diboride superlattices as highly efficient neutron-interference optics and provided new insights into the growth and interface physics of transition-metal diborides.

Samira Dorri carried out her master’s studies in the Jens Birch group at the Thin Film Physics division, where she gained experience in synthesising nanocomposite, multilayer, and superlattice thin films using DC magnetron sputtering. She also worked with a range of characterisation techniques, including XRD, XRR, TEM sample preparation, ion beam analysis (ERDA and RBS), and stress and nanomechanical measurements.